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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rea Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Rea Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-0199</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-0199</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>Rea Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.22105/opt.v2i2.76</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Hydro storage, Hybrid optimization model for electric renewables, Electrical grid, Renewable energy</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Development and Computational Analysis of a Pump Hydro Storage System for Optimizing Electrical Grid Performance Using HOMER Energy Modelling Tool</article-title><subtitle>Development and Computational Analysis of a Pump Hydro Storage System for Optimizing Electrical Grid Performance Using HOMER Energy Modelling Tool</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Affia</surname>
		<given-names>Nsikak John </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Okafor </surname>
		<given-names>Ephraim </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Akwukwaegbu</surname>
		<given-names>Isdore Onyema </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Olubiwe</surname>
		<given-names>Matthew </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Electrical/Electronics Engineering Technology, Akwa Ibom State Polytechnic, Ikot Osurua, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2025</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>2</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2025 Rea Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Development and Computational Analysis of a Pump Hydro Storage System for Optimizing Electrical Grid Performance Using HOMER Energy Modelling Tool</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			The purpose of this study is to propose a sustainable solution that can provide a reliable power supply to meet the energy demands of higher institutions in Nigeria, through the design and simulation of a pump storage hydroelectric power plant. The unreliable power supply in Nigeria has been a major challenge for most higher institutions, affecting research and productivity. The methodology involved data collection on energy consumption patterns, system design of the pump storage hydro-electric power model, simulation of the system using the Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewables (HOMER) software, and optimization of the design to meet the energy demands of the polytechnic. The data collected included peak demand periods and energy consumption patterns for various facilities within the institution. The system design considered the installation of a pump storage hydro-electric power system that can generate and store electricity during off-peak hours for use during peak demand periods. A peak load of 4kW requirement and daily demand of 82kWh/day, with a load factor of 37%, volumetric flow rate of 0.032 m3/s, and reservoir height of 16m were considered for the model designed. The simulation result showed a positive Net Present Value (NPV) of $11,757.14, indicating a good future value of the project in present times with a Levelized cost of Energy of $0.0304 (N51/kWh) and an annual maintenance cost of $600. The simulation results from HOMER software indicate that the pump storage hydro-electric power model is a feasible solution for enhancing electricity supply in most Nigerian institutions.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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