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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rea Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Rea Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-0199</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-0199</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>Rea Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.22105/opt.v3i3.117</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Dynamic optimization, Evolutionary algorithms, Stochastic environments, Microbial communities, Chemostat, Change detection</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Adaptive Evolutionary Search in Changing Environments: Moving Peaks and a Two-Species Chemostat Surrogate</article-title><subtitle>Adaptive Evolutionary Search in Changing Environments: Moving Peaks and a Two-Species Chemostat Surrogate</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname> Ghannadpour</surname>
		<given-names>Seyyed Farid</given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Industrial Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Ferreira</surname>
		<given-names>Daniel A. </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2026 Rea Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Adaptive Evolutionary Search in Changing Environments: Moving Peaks and a Two-Species Chemostat Surrogate</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			Dynamic optimization can support the search for operating designs when a simulated nutrient regime changes during an optimization run. This study reports AMPERE, a memory-based evolutionary search combining sentinel monitoring, a regime-indexed archive, empirical transition estimates, allocation of search effort and a magnitude-scaled mutation response. The reported campaign compares six methods on a moving-peaks landscape with 62,500 evaluations and a fixed two-species chemostat surrogate with 17,500 evaluations, using ten main-comparison seeds and five ablation seeds. On moving peaks, AMPERE has a larger within-epoch incumbent-drop metric than the plain GA (0.293 ± 0.124 versus 0.103 ± 0.031; Holm p = 0.0098), but a smaller value than fixed triggered hypermutation (2.622 ± 0.788). On the chemostat surrogate, its mean current-best endpoint titer is 4.08 ± 0.17 g/L, compared with 1.55 ± 0.41 g/L for the plain GA. Its comparisons with random immigrants and triggered hypermutation do not reject equal performance at the reported significance level. Removing AMPERE’s mutation response gives 1.76 ± 0.50 g/L in the reported ablation; the five-pair two-sided p-value is 0.0625. These observations show benchmark-dependent performance without establishing an isolated benefit of anticipation or memory. The incumbent-drop metric is not regret to a known optimum, and neither benchmark validates biological adaptation or online plant control. Exact simulator parameters, paired outputs, event counters and implementation details remain necessary for independent reproduction.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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