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    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Rea Press</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">null</journal-id>
      <journal-title>Rea Press</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">3042-0199</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3042-0199</issn><publisher>
      	<publisher-name>Rea Press</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">https://doi.org/10.22105/opt.v3i3.116</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
        <subj-group><subject>Adaptive operator selection, Population search, Held-out parent probing, Function-evaluation budget, Benchmark comparison</subject></subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Adaptive Operator Portfolio Search with Fold Based Landscape Probing</article-title><subtitle>Adaptive Operator Portfolio Search with Fold Based Landscape Probing</subtitle></title-group>
      <contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Nakamura</surname>
		<given-names>Mei-Lin </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Sokolov</surname>
		<given-names>Pavel D. </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cyprus University of Technology, Limassol, Cyprus.</aff>
	</contrib><contrib contrib-type="author">
	<name name-style="western">
	<surname>Okonkwo</surname>
		<given-names>Adaeze O. </given-names>
	</name>
	<aff>Department of Computer Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.</aff>
	</contrib></contrib-group>		
      <pub-date pub-type="ppub">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>3</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>© 2026 Rea Press</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2026</copyright-year>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/"><p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license>
      </permissions>
      <related-article related-article-type="companion" vol="2" page="e235" id="RA1" ext-link-type="pmc">
			<article-title>Adaptive Operator Portfolio Search with Fold Based Landscape Probing</article-title>
      </related-article>
	  <abstract abstract-type="toc">
		<p>
			Adaptive operator selection allocates search effort among candidate mechanisms whose usefulness changes with the current population. We study AOP-KFP, a portfolio of nine operators with periodic probing of held-out parents, exponentially smoothed improvement credits, and a softmax distribution mixed with uniform exploration. The folds organize local comparisons within a population snapshot; they do not establish statistical generalization to unseen problems. We give an explicit accounting of probe evaluations and a conditional hitting-probability result for elitist search, while distinguishing these statements from finite-budget performance. The supplied CEC 2017 table contains 25 functions at dimension 30 with 51 reported runs per algorithm. Its displayed means give AOP-KFP 17 row minima, jSO three, EBOwithCMA four, and L-SHADE one. Additional supplied rank, significance, ablation and sensitivity summaries require reconciliation with their underlying observations: several corrected-p-value entries are arithmetically inconsistent, and the reported Sobol first-order indices sum to more than one. The study therefore identifies a testable operator-allocation mechanism and descriptive benchmark evidence, with evaluation accounting and raw-output reconciliation required before confirmatory superiority or reproducibility claims can be made.
		</p>
		</abstract>
    </article-meta>
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